Which Cellular Carrier is Best for RVers, Cruisers, and Frequent Travelers?
Answer: The one that works best at your current location...
Cellular data is probably the easiest and most accessible option for getting online in most places across the USA.
But as simple as it can seem on paper, cellular is also sometimes a confusing subject – primarily because there are just so many options!
You have to choose which carrier(s) you want, which plans make sense, what equipment to purchase, and how much speed and data you actually need.
If you live in one location and only travel occasionally, it’s relatively easy to pick the best cellular carrier.
You can ask your friends and neighbors for experience, check the carrier's coverage maps, and you can check crowdsourced coverage maps like Root Metrics or Open Signal.
While there might be an obvious “best” network for a specific location, frequent travelers have a harder choice to make since... our location changes, often!
There simply is no single network that works best everywhere.
All of the big four nationwide carriers have their strengths and weaknesses in various locations across the country. And each offers different plans & policies that make them more or less suitable as a mobile internet solution depending on your needs.
As a frequent traveler, you need to consider what carrier - or, more than likely, what combination of carriers - will give you coverage and data in the places you want to visit.
This article is an overview of the strengths and weaknesses of the current four major carriers (Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile, and Sprint) in the US as they relate to mobile internet for RVers, cruisers and frequent travelers seeking an on-the-go home internet replacement.
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Video Overview
We created a 17 minute video that overviews the four carriers (updated Sept 2019):
Coverage & Compatibility
All four carriers have embraced the same underlying fourth-generation (4G) cellular network technology, known as LTE - though they use different towers and transmit on different frequency bands resulting in vastly different coverage maps and performance, despite the technological similarities.
The carriers have very different legacy 2G and 3G networks too, which will be phased-out over time.
The 5G world is coming fast - full of both promise, confusion and a lot of boastful claims that will have to be proven out over time in actual practical usage.
5G technology is being deployed in new short-range mmWave (extremely fast, but short range), mid-band and low-band spectrum. Each carrier has their own roadmap to their deployment, so deciding when it is time to hop on board is carrier specific.
When comparing carriers - you need to keep coverage maps, compatible devices, supported frequency bands, and expansion plans going forward towards 5G all in mind.
For more on understanding the technology behind cellular:
Cellular Data Resources - Gear, Plans, Signal, Tech Dives
The major difference for each of the carriers is how widespread their coverage is nationwide. And for those relying on cellular based internet as they move around the country, 4G & LTE coverage is still the most important. 5G will become more important as we move into the future.
In the US, the current four major nationwide carriers are:
- Verizon - Has the most nationwide 4G coverage, and is usually a top pick for travelers.
- AT&T - Close second to Verizon in many places in thanks to 'climbing every tower' as they deploy their FirstNet Band 14 network.
- T-Mobile - The carrier to watch with a rapidly expanding network as they roll out their 600 Mhz network.
- Sprint - Traditionally only useful when close to bigger cities, however roaming agreements with T-Mobile are rapidly improving things.
- On April 1, 2020 - the merger between T-Mobile and Sprint was completed - on paper. Eventually all Sprint customers will become T-mobile customers, and their networks will be merged - but this will be a multi-year process. By end of summer 2020 the two carriers should be operating as one - and Sprint roams onto T-Mobile as native coverage in a lot of places already.
Coverage Map Comparison
Below is a quick comparison of the four carrier's native 4G/LTE coverage maps, taken from the May 2020 HD Map update from our app, Coverage?:
For more on the Four Carriers for RVers & Cruisers:
MobileInternetInfo.com/four-carriers
Got Coverage?
Although you can go to each carrier’s maps online to scout out ahead, we decided to make it even easier.
We wrote an app for that!
Coverage? overlays the carrier's coverage maps so you can create a personalized map to better plan your travels around connectivity!
While the carrier's maps may be 'optimistic' at times, using the carrier's maps is a great complement to also checking site-specific crowdsourced resources.
For more:
Tips for Travel Planning Around
Connectivity for RVers and CruisersThe maps are stored on device, so you don’t need to have coverage to find out which direction to head. Get the app now for Android or iOS:
Cellular Carrier Profiles
A general profile of each of the four major carriers is below.
Verizon
Verizon is the largest cellular carrier in the USA.
It has the widest overall coverage area, the most deployed LTE, and typically good overall performance. If you ask in any RVing or boating group about what is the best carrier, Verizon is the most common answer.
For these reasons, if you’re only going to choose one network – Verizon is the natural top choice.
However, because Verizon’s network is known to have the widest coverage and is the most popular network amongst nomads, it’s not uncommon to find that the local Verizon tower is overloaded and sluggish during peak times, especially in locations that are popular for travelers.
When congested, Verizon can be quite aggressive in its network management slowdowns - and, in practice, Verizon often isn't the best pick in many locations.
Verizon LTE Device Compatibility Tips:
If you want broad compatibility with Verizon's network, seek out devices that support these core LTE bands:
2, 4, 5, 13
And for maximum compatibility and future-proofing, look for support for as many of these additional bands as possible (in rough order of importance):
66, 12, 14, 30, 29, 46
3G/5G Plans:
- 3G - Many new Verizon devices are dropping support for Verizon’s legacy 3G network, which should be fully shut down by end of 2020. There are only a few areas left where you will find Verizon 3G and no LTE, so it is no longer worth stressing over remaining backward compatible with 3G.
- 5G - Verizon is eventually planning to offer both mmWave & low frequency sub-6 5G service, but so far only has limited mmWave - we recommend holding off on 5G device purchases for Verizon unless you are frequently in one of the limited service areas.
Recent Verizon News Stories:
AT&T
AT&T is the second-largest carrier and is both a formidable rival and a great complement to Verizon for nomads.
Some even find an AT&T-only solution is feasible now.
AT&T’s LTE network sometimes lags Verizon in coverage, but there are also many parts of the country where AT&T excels - and sometimes it is the only option.
In 2018 AT&T began "climbing every tower" in their network to implement the FirstNet (LTE Band 14) network for first responders. They took the opportunity to upgrade their towers in general.
As this upgrade has spread across the nation, AT&T customers have reported noticeable speed improvements.
We rarely get reports of problems with network management issues on AT&T.
A combination of Verizon and AT&T on board gives the widest possible coverage across the country.
AT&T LTE Device Compatibility Tips:
If you want broad compatibility with AT&T's network, seek out devices that support these core LTE bands:
2, 4, 5, 12/17, 14
And for maximum compatibility and future proofing, look for support for as many of these additional bands as possible (in rough order of importance):
30, 29, 13, 66, 46
3G/5G Notes:
- 3G - ATT's older 3G/HSPA+ is scheduled to be shut down by February 2022.
- 5G - AT&T is rolling out 5G on mmWave and lowband, so if you're ready to hop on board AT&T 5G be sure to shop for devices that support both 5G and 5G+. 5GE however is what they call their LTE-Advanced technology and is not 5G.
Recent AT&T News Stories:
T-Mobile
T-Mobile has been the carrier to watch – blowing past Sprint (and now even acquiring them) to take a solid third place in the overall cellular market.
T-Mobile is gunning for Verizon and AT&T next with their merger with Sprint. The merger gives T-Mobile access to lot of underutilized spectrum across the nation.
For a long time, T-Mobile’s biggest Achilles heel was its lack of raw coverage, particularly in rural areas and indoors - and T-Mobile still falls short of AT&T and Verizon when it comes to coverage. When T-Mobile does have coverage, however, its network speeds are consistently some of the fastest.
T-Mobile has been aggressively filling in the gaps. In 2017 T-Mobile acquired a huge chunk of 600MHz cellular spectrum (LTE Band 71) and has deployed this new band around the country for both 4G LTE and their 5G network. It will continue this nationwide expansion in the years ahead.
But to benefit, you will need a compatible device capable of taking advantage of Band 71 (An Overview of T-Mobile LTE Band 71).
T-Mobile LTE Device Compatibility Tips:
If you want broad compatibility with T-Mobile's network, seek out devices that support these core LTE bands:
2, 4, 5, 12, 71
And for maximum compatibility and future-proofing, look for support for as many of these additional bands as possible (in rough order of importance):
41, 25, 66, 26, 46
Merger, 3G & 5G Notes:
- Sprint Merger: T-Mobile customers will want to be able to benefit from Sprint's LTE Bands 25. Mid range Band 41 will be particularly important in T-Mobile's 5G coverage. Band 26 is slated to be sold to Dish Network to become an eventual new carrier.
- 3G: T-Mobile has not announced a sunset date for their 3G network, but they are aggressively re-utilizing this spectrum for 5G.
- 5G: T-Mobile started their 5G deployment utilizing their very low band 600Mhz spectrum making them first to nationwide coverage, and is now also rolling out on mid band and mmWave. If you're ready to hop on board with T-Mobile 5G, be sure any device you select supports all three types of 5G.
Recent T-Mobile News Stories:
Sprint
With the merger with T-Mobile now complete on paper, by summer 2020 Sprint will become part of the new T-Mobile. But for now, the carrier still operates as its own.
Starting in mid-2018 the terms of the (then) proposed merger allowed Sprint to have roaming access onto T-Mobile, which has expanded their network coverage quite a bit.
The fourth-largest national cellular carrier has always been a technological oddball - and Sprint’s LTE network uses bands that none of the other carriers have embraced.
Sprint’s biggest advantage is that it tends to have affordable plan options.
But the biggest downside of Sprint for nomads is its limited nationwide coverage map.
The vast bulk of Sprint’s usable fast data coverage is pretty much only found in core urban areas and along major interstates. Outside of that, you’re often roaming with very slow speeds – if you can get online at all.
If you’re planning to stick to urban areas, Sprint might be worthwhile. But for most nomads, Sprint is at best a backup option. However, attractive Sprint based plans should be grandfathered in as eventual T-Mobile plans as the merger is implemented over the coming years.
Sprint LTE Device Compatibility Tips:
If you want broad compatibility with Sprint's network, seek out devices that support these three core LTE bands:
25, 26, 41
In the past, only these three bands mattered on Sprint, and many Sprint-branded devices ONLY supported these three. But now that T-Mobile roaming is available, compatibility with T-Mobile bands matters now too.
So for maximum compatibility and future-proofing, look for support for as many of these additional bands as possible (in rough order of importance):
12, 4, 2, 5, 71, 66
3G/5G Notes:
- 3G: With the merger with T-Mobile, Sprint's 3G network should be rapidly re-utilized and they have made no promises for 3G support beyond end of 2022.
- 5G: Sprint has begun rolling out 5G, but now with the T-Mobile merger that network will be phased out and current customers offered to switch to T-Mobile. Purchasing Sprint 5G devices is not advised at present time.
Recent Sprint News Stories:
Regional Carriers
In addition to the big four national carriers, there are a number of smaller regional and even local carriers that own and operate their own cellular networks.
Some of the larger examples include U.S. Cellular, C-Spire Wireless, nTelos, Cellcom, and Cellular One.
These smaller regional carriers are usually poor choices for travelers, unless you know that you are primarily going to be spending time in areas where they have a strong native presence.
Even if the regional carrier has nationwide coverage through roaming agreements, if you’re utilizing the service primarily outside its home region, you can find yourself running into all sorts of restrictions and limitations.
And if you are out of your home territory for too long - you will very likely end up getting your account canceled.
Getting Service
You can purchase service directly from each of the carriers as postpaid or prepaid service. Or, there are many resellers & MVNOs (Mobile Virtual Network Operators) who offer plans on the major carrier networks with different features, pricing or restrictions.
Learn more About Data Plans:
Considerations for Selecting Cellular Data Plans
Browse Our Current Top Pick Data Plans:
Data Plan Pricing Guide & Grid:
Conclusion: Best Depends on Your Situation
All of the major carriers have their strengths and weaknesses. The best one for you may just be the one that works best in your current location. If you change locations frequently, you'll want to determine which carrier, or possibly which combination of carriers, will give you the best coverage in the locations you'll be visiting.
Selecting the right cellular data plan for your mobile internet needs is only one part of the equation. Here's some further guides on understanding the selection process as well as the additional gear you might need.
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